Rubella outbreak spreading quickly Japan Times, Feb 8, 2013
-2011
"Japan experienced local outbreaks in 2011 after seven years’ absence. To cope with rubella infection including CRS, to which no specific therapy is available, vaccination is only effective measures that can be taken."
"While having declined gradually from 2008 to 2010 (294, 147 and 90 in respective years), reported cases increased to 272 cases already in the week 30 of 2011. "
"In 2004, a research group commissioned by Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare announced an emergency proposal (http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/rubella/rec200408.html) warning the risk of CRS of babies born to women with low rubella antibody, and it created, so as to avoid unnecessary artificial abortion, CRS consultation sites (see p. 266 of this issue) for clinicians concerning the detection and evaluation of cases at risk and consultation of pregnant women."
Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Japan, as of August 2011
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2012-2013
As of Feb. 10, 2013, 6 CRS cases are confirmed.
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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Japan: Epidemiological Problems
Jpn.J.Infect.Dis, 56,81-87,2003
http://www0.nih.go.jp/JJID/56/81.pdf
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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Japan, as of August 2011
(IASR 32: 250-252, September 2011)
http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/32/379/tpc379.html
Rubella, Japan, 1999-2002 (IASR 2003; 24:53-54)
http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/24/277/tpc277.html
Measles Vaccine/Rubella Vaccine
JMAJ 44(10): 427–433, 2001
http://www.med.or.jp/english/pdf/2001_10/427_433.pdf
Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Physical Growth: A 17-Year, Prospective, Longitudinal Follow-Up in the Ryukyu Islands
Clin Infect Dis. (1986) 8 (6): 874-883
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/6/874.abstract
Literature Review of Long –Term Health Implications of Congenital Rubella Syndrome(2012, Sep)
http://www.sense.org.uk/sites/default/files/Literature_Review_Long_Term_Health_Implications_Congenital_Rubella_Syndrome.pdf
INSIGHTS FROM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL GAME THEORY INTO GENDER-SPECIFIC VACCINATION AGAINST RUBELLA
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES doi:10.3934/mbe.2009.6.841 AND ENGINEERING Volume 6, Number 4, October 2009
http://biomed.emory.edu/PROGRAM_SITES/PBEE/pdf/Kochin2.pdf
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The Changing Epidemiology of Rubella in the 1990s On the Verge of Elimination and New Challenges for Control and Prevention
JAMA. 2002;287(4):464-472.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=194591
-2011
"Japan experienced local outbreaks in 2011 after seven years’ absence. To cope with rubella infection including CRS, to which no specific therapy is available, vaccination is only effective measures that can be taken."
"While having declined gradually from 2008 to 2010 (294, 147 and 90 in respective years), reported cases increased to 272 cases already in the week 30 of 2011. "
"In 2004, a research group commissioned by Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare announced an emergency proposal (http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/rubella/rec200408.html) warning the risk of CRS of babies born to women with low rubella antibody, and it created, so as to avoid unnecessary artificial abortion, CRS consultation sites (see p. 266 of this issue) for clinicians concerning the detection and evaluation of cases at risk and consultation of pregnant women."
Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Japan, as of August 2011
2012-2013
As of Feb. 10, 2013, 6 CRS cases are confirmed.
Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Japan: Epidemiological Problems
Jpn.J.Infect.Dis, 56,81-87,2003
http://www0.nih.go.jp/JJID/56/81.pdf
Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Japan, as of August 2011
(IASR 32: 250-252, September 2011)
http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/32/379/tpc379.html
Rubella, Japan, 1999-2002 (IASR 2003; 24:53-54)
http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/24/277/tpc277.html
Measles Vaccine/Rubella Vaccine
JMAJ 44(10): 427–433, 2001
http://www.med.or.jp/english/pdf/2001_10/427_433.pdf
Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Physical Growth: A 17-Year, Prospective, Longitudinal Follow-Up in the Ryukyu Islands
Clin Infect Dis. (1986) 8 (6): 874-883
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/6/874.abstract
Literature Review of Long –Term Health Implications of Congenital Rubella Syndrome(2012, Sep)
http://www.sense.org.uk/sites/default/files/Literature_Review_Long_Term_Health_Implications_Congenital_Rubella_Syndrome.pdf
INSIGHTS FROM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL GAME THEORY INTO GENDER-SPECIFIC VACCINATION AGAINST RUBELLA
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES doi:10.3934/mbe.2009.6.841 AND ENGINEERING Volume 6, Number 4, October 2009
http://biomed.emory.edu/PROGRAM_SITES/PBEE/pdf/Kochin2.pdf
The Changing Epidemiology of Rubella in the 1990s On the Verge of Elimination and New Challenges for Control and Prevention
JAMA. 2002;287(4):464-472.
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=194591